哲学の概略
以下は、哲学の概略、あるいは哲学に関する話題の手引きである。
哲学 – 存在、知識、理性、心、言語といった物に関わる普遍的・根本的な問題の研究[1][2]。哲学は批判的で、一般的には体系だったアプローチをとり、合理的議論に頼る点で根本的な問題に対する(神秘主義、神話、芸術のような)他の取り組み方とは区別される[3]。「Philosophy」という言葉はギリシア語で「知を愛すること」を意味する「φιλοσοφία」に由来する[4][5][6]。
哲学の中核的な領域
哲学の中核的な領域は:
哲学の主な分野
中核的な領域とは別に、一般に哲学のうちで研究される分野がいくつかある:
哲学の理論
アナーキズム
詳細は「アナーキズム」および「アナーキズムの概要」を参照
分析哲学
詳細は「分析哲学」を参照
大陸哲学
詳細は「大陸哲学」を参照
東洋哲学
詳細は「東洋哲学」を参照
マルクス思想
詳細は「マルクス主義」を参照
認識論
形而上学
言語哲学
心の哲学
宗教哲学
哲学的な文学
- ブラックウェル・コンパニオン・トゥー・フィロソフィー
- 西洋哲学史, by バートランド・ラッセル
- 哲学の歴史, by フレデリック・コプルストン
関連項目
- 哲学の重要文献の一覧
- 哲学の話題の一覧 (index)
- 科学哲学の記事の一覧
- 哲学の解かれていない問題の一覧
出典
- Jenny Teichmann and Katherine C. Evans, Philosophy: A Beginner's Guide (Blackwell Publishing, 1999), p. 1: "Philosophy is a study of problems which are ultimate, abstract and very general. These problems are concerned with the nature of existence, knowledge, morality, reason and human purpose."
- A.C. Grayling, Philosophy 1: A Guide through the Subject (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 1: "The aim of philosophical inquiry is to gain insight into questions about knowledge, truth, reason, reality, meaning, mind, and value."
- Anthony Quinton, in T. Honderich (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 666: "Philosophy is rationally critical thinking, of a more or less systematic kind about the general nature of the world (metaphysics or theory of existence), the justification of belief (epistemology or theory of knowledge), and the conduct of life (ethics or theory of value). Each of the three elements in this list has a non-philosophical counterpart, from which it is distinguished by its explicitly rational and critical way of proceeding and by its systematic nature. Everyone has some general conception of the nature of the world in which they live and of their place in it. Metaphysics replaces the unargued assumptions embodied in such a conception with a rational and organized body of beliefs about the world as a whole. Everyone has occasion to doubt and question beliefs, their own or those of others, with more or less success and without any theory of what they are doing. Epistemology seeks by argument to make explicit the rules of correct belief formation. Everyone governs their conduct by directing it to desired or valued ends. Ethics, or moral philosophy, in its most inclusive sense, seeks to articulate, in rationally systematic form, the rules or principles involved."
- Philosophia, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus
- Online Etymology Dictionary
- The definition of philosophy is: "1.orig., love of, or the search for, wisdom or knowledge 2.theory or logical analysis of the principles underlying conduct, thought, knowledge, and the nature of the universe". Webster's New World Dictionary (Second College ed.)
外部リンク
- Taxonomy of Philosophy – topic outline developed by David Chalmers as the category structure for the table of contents of the PhilPapers academic directory.
- PhilPapers – comprehensive directory of online philosophical articles and books.
- Dictionary of Philosophical Terms and Names
- EpistemeLinks: Philosophy Resources on the Internet
- Guide to Philosophy on the Internet
- The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- The Ism Book
- Introducing Philosophy Series. By Paul Newall (for beginners)
- Philosophical positions (philosophy, movement, school, theory, etc.)
- The Problems of Philosophy, by Bertrand Russell (links provided to full text)
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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