世界祖語

世界祖語(せかいそご、Proto-world language)または人類祖語(じんるいそご、Proto-human language)とは世界の全語族最も近い共通祖先として想定される言語

世界の語族の比較

アメリカ言語学者メリット・ルーレンは、試みとして多くの単語について、世界中の言語における似た音・語義の形の存在に基づいて、その祖語を追跡している。

ベングトソンとルーレンら(1994年)は27の「世界語源」を確認した。下の表(ルーレン(1994)による)はこれらの形からいくつかを挙げたものである。

言語誰?何?21/指腕(1)腕(2)曲げる/膝女性器におい/鼻
コイサン諸語!kūma/kamk´´ā//kɔnu//kū≠hā//gom/ʼū!kwaič’ū
ナイル・サハラ語族nadeballnkitokkanibokokutusumbutičona
ニジェール・コンゴ語族naninibalaengidikekonobokoboŋgobutu
アフロ・アジア語族k(w)mabwVrak’watakganAbunqesommputsuna
南コーカサス語族minmayorrts’q’aertt’ot’qemuqltomaputʼsun
ドラヴィダ語族yāviraṇṭunīrubirelukaŋkaymeṇḍapūṭapoččučuṇṭu
ユーラシア大語族kwimipālāakwātikkonVbhāghu(s)bük(ä)punčep’ut’Vsnā
デネ・コーカサス大語族kwimagnyisʔoχwatokkanboqpjuttshāmputʼisuŋ
オーストリック大語族o-ko-em-anuʔ(m)barnamawntoʔxeenbaγabukuśyāmbetikiǰuŋ
インド・太平洋大語族minaboulaokhodikakanbenbukuutusɨnna
オーストラリア諸語ŋaaniminhabulagugukumanmalapajingbuŋkupudamura
アメリンド大語族kunemanap’ālakwādɨk’ikanobokobukasummebutiečuna

(Vは不明母音の意。)

これらの対応に基づき、ルーレン(1994b:105)は以下の語根を祖語として挙げている。

  • ku = 誰
  • ma = 何
  • pal = 2
  • akwa = 水
  • tik = 指
  • kanV = 腕
  • boko = 腕
  • buŋku = 膝
  • sum = 髪
  • putV = 女性器
  • čuna = 鼻・におい

文献

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